{
  "id": "geb",
  "type": "entity",
  "name": "Geb",
  "summary": "The Earth-god (Budge writes \"Keb\"), son of Shu and Tefnut, consort of the sky-goddess Nut and father of Osiris, Isis, Set and Nephthys; \"the Erpat\", hereditary chief of the gods, whom Ra made \"sole lord of all the beings that lived and moved on and in his body, the earth\". Plutarch tells the same births under the Greek name Cronus.",
  "locale": "en",
  "tags": [
    "egyptian",
    "deities",
    "earth-gods",
    "primordials",
    "ennead"
  ],
  "relations": [
    {
      "rel": "consort_of",
      "target": "nut"
    },
    {
      "rel": "parent_of",
      "target": "osiris"
    },
    {
      "rel": "parent_of",
      "target": "isis"
    },
    {
      "rel": "parent_of",
      "target": "set"
    },
    {
      "rel": "parent_of",
      "target": "nephthys"
    },
    {
      "rel": "member_of",
      "target": "ennead"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "target": "ra"
    }
  ],
  "questions": [
    "Who is Geb?",
    "Who are the children of Geb and Nut?",
    "Who are the parents of Geb?",
    "Why is Geb the god of the earth?",
    "Does Plutarch mention Geb?"
  ],
  "claims": [
    {
      "id": "c1",
      "text": "In the Egyptian creation story of the Nesi-Amsu papyrus, \"Shu and Tefnut then united and they produced Keb, the Earth-god, and Nut, the Sky-goddess\"; the daily darkness brings \"the descent of the Sky-goddess Nut to the Earth-god Keb each evening\", and \"the gods and goddesses next created were five, namely, Osiris, Horus, Set, Isis, and Nephthys\" (Budge Lit. ch. VI).",
      "sources": [
        "budge-literature-ancient-egyptians"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.92
    },
    {
      "id": "c2",
      "text": "The hymn of Ani calls Osiris \"Eldest son of the womb of Nut, begotten by Keb, the Erpat\" — glossed \"the hereditary chief of the gods\" (Budge Lit. ch. IV); Budge notes that \"Isis and Nephthys were the daughters of Keb and Nut\" (Budge Lit. ch. III).",
      "sources": [
        "budge-literature-ancient-egyptians"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.92
    },
    {
      "id": "c3",
      "text": "Before withdrawing to heaven \"Ra caused the Earth-god Keb to be summoned to his presence\" about the venomous reptiles in the earth; Thoth's spells \"secured for them the help of Keb, who became sole lord of all the beings that lived and moved on and in his body, the earth\" (Budge Lit. ch. VII, Destruction of Mankind).",
      "sources": [
        "budge-literature-ancient-egyptians"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.9
    },
    {
      "id": "c4",
      "text": "The Pyramid Texts pair him with Nut — \"Thou hast associated with Keb in thy name of 'Pet' (i.e. Sky)\" — and call the dead king \"the seed of Keb\" (Budge Lit. ch. II); a sun hymn has \"Keb seizeth him by the joint of his back\" against the fiend Neka (Budge Lit. ch. XII), and the Book of Breathings speaks of \"the Hall of Keb (i.e. the earth)\" (Budge Lit. ch. V).",
      "sources": [
        "budge-literature-ancient-egyptians"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.88
    },
    {
      "id": "c5",
      "text": "Plutarch never writes Geb. His parents of the five gods are \"Rhea\" and \"Cronus\" — the Sun cursed \"Rhea's intercourse with Cronus\", and \"Typhon and Nephthys [were] from Cronus\" (Plut. Is. 12) — the same generation Budge's text assigns to Keb and Nut, told in Greek names.",
      "sources": [
        "plutarch-isis-osiris"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.8
    }
  ],
  "takeaways": [
    "Father of Osiris in the Egyptian hymn ('begotten by Keb'), of the five gods in the creation text; Plutarch tells it as Cronus and Rhea.",
    "Ra's grant makes him lord of everything that moves on his body, which is the Egyptian sentence behind \"god of the earth\".",
    "Budge's spelling is Keb; the modern form Geb is used as the name here, Keb kept inside quotations."
  ],
  "faqs": [
    {
      "q": "Who are the children of Geb and Nut?",
      "claim": "c1"
    },
    {
      "q": "Who are the parents of Geb?",
      "claim": "c1"
    },
    {
      "q": "Why is Geb the god of the earth?",
      "claim": "c3"
    },
    {
      "q": "Does Plutarch mention Geb?",
      "claim": "c5"
    }
  ],
  "evidence_tier": "primary",
  "evidence": {
    "level": "theoretical",
    "source_types": [
      "paper"
    ]
  },
  "moat_flag": false,
  "winning_edge": "Pages describe Geb from reliefs. This object gives the Egyptian sentences Budge translated — the genealogy, the title Erpat, Ra's grant of the earth — and shows that the Greek witness knows him only as Cronus.",
  "confidence": 0.88,
  "last_verified": "2026-09-03",
  "media": [],
  "x": {
    "myth": {
      "pantheon": "egyptian",
      "kind": "deity",
      "group": "ennead",
      "domains": [
        "earth",
        "the hereditary chieftainship of the gods"
      ],
      "wikidata": "Q168444"
    }
  },
  "canonical_url": "https://mythosdata.dev/k/geb",
  "api_url": "https://mythosdata.dev/api/k/geb.json",
  "jsonld": {
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "name": "Geb",
    "description": "The Earth-god (Budge writes \"Keb\"), son of Shu and Tefnut, consort of the sky-goddess Nut and father of Osiris, Isis, Set and Nephthys; \"the Erpat\", hereditary chief of the gods, whom Ra made \"sole lord of all the beings that lived and moved on and in his body, the earth\". Plutarch tells the same births under the Greek name Cronus.",
    "url": "https://mythosdata.dev/k/geb",
    "license": "https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0.html",
    "dateModified": "2026-09-03",
    "citation": [
      {
        "@type": "CreativeWork",
        "name": "Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride) — tr. William Baxter, rev. W. W. Goodwin (1874), Perseus TEI edition",
        "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg089/tlg0007.tlg089.perseus-eng3.xml"
      },
      {
        "@type": "CreativeWork",
        "name": "E. A. Wallis Budge, The Literature of the Ancient Egyptians (1914), Project Gutenberg #15932 via GITenberg",
        "url": "https://github.com/GITenberg/The-Literature-of-the-Ancient-Egyptians_15932/blob/master/15932.txt"
      }
    ],
    "@type": "Article",
    "headline": "Geb"
  }
}